• About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Editorial Calendar
  • Careers
  • The Cyber Express by Cyble Vulnerability Disclosure Policy
  • Cyble Trust Portal
The Cyber Express
  • MagazineDownload
  • Firewall Daily
    • All
    • Bug Bounty & Rewards
    • Dark Web News
    • Data Breach News
    • Hacker News
    • Ransomware News
    • Vulnerabilities
    La Poste, La Banque Postale

    La Poste and La Banque Postale Hit by Cyberattack, Online Services Disrupted

    China Cybersecurity law 2026

    China’s New Cybersecurity Law Is Here — And It Changes Everything for Businesses

    Shai-Hulud Supply Chain Attack Drained .5 Million from Trust Wallet Users

    Shai-Hulud Supply Chain Attack Drained $8.5 Million from Trust Wallet Users

    Digital Services Act, TikTok, Disinformation, Disinformation Campaign, Poland, EU Commission

    Poland Calls for EU Investigation of TikTok Over AI-Generated Disinformation Campaign

    CVE-2025-52691

    Singapore CSA Warns of Critical SmarterMail Flaw Enabling Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

    Two Security Experts Plead Guilty in BlackCat Ransomware Case

    Two Security Experts Plead Guilty in BlackCat Ransomware Case

    Latest Oracle EBS Victims Include Korean Air, University of Phoenix

    Latest Oracle EBS Victims Include Korean Air, University of Phoenix

    GDPR Fine

    CNIL Fines NEXPUBLICA FRANCE €1.7 Million for GDPR Security Failures

    Coupang Breach Suspect Tried to Hide Evidence by Throwing Laptop in River

    Coupang Breach Suspect Tried to Hide Evidence by Throwing Laptop in River

    Trending Tags

    • blackbyte ransomware
    • Ransomware
    • lapsus$ ransomware
    • Apple
    • Apple vulnerability
  • Essentials
    • All
    • Compliance
    • Governance
    • Policy Updates
    • Regulations
    MongoBleed, MongoDB, CVE-2025-14847

    Critical ‘MongoBleed’ Flaw Exploited in the Wild to Leak Database Secrets

    DPDP Act Is Reshaping the Cyber Insurance Landscape

    Beyond Compliance: How India’s DPDP Act Is Reshaping the Cyber Insurance Landscape

    FBI Seizes E-Note Crypto Exchange

    FBI Seizes E-Note Crypto Exchange Linked to Ransomware Money Laundering

    DPDP Act

    8 Ways the DPDP Act Will Change How Indian Companies Handle Data in 2026 

    FBI Warns

    FBI Cautions Alaskans Against Phone Scams Using Fake Arrest Threats

    City of Cambridge

    City of Cambridge Advises Password Reset After Nationwide CodeRED Data Breach

    Digital Arrest, CBI, Digital Arrest Fraud, Cyber Fraud

    CBI Files Charges Against 13 in Digital Arrest Fraud Case Linked to Myanmar Cyber Slave Compounds

    Government Contractor Fraud

    Federal Grand Jury Charges Former Manager with Government Contractor Fraud

    ban on social media

    Australia’s Social Media Ban for Kids: Protection, Overreach or the Start of a Global Shift?

    • Regulations
    • Compliance
    • Governance
    • Policy Updates
  • Knowledge Hub
    • All
    • How to
    • What is
    DPDP Rules, Cyble, DPDP Act, Cyble Vantage

    How Cyble’s Front-Row Vantage Can Help You in Complying to India’s DPDP Act

    Cybersecurity Countries

    The Top 8 Countries Leading the Cyber Defense Race in 2025

    link building

    The Link Building Secrets Your Competitors Don’t Want You to Know

    Supply Chain Attack

    Supply Chain Resilience and Physical Security: Lessons for 2025

    Healthcare cybersecurity trends of 2024

    Healthcare Cybersecurity: 2024 Was Tough, 2025 May Be Better

    CEO's Guide to Take-Down Services

    Shield Your Organization: CEO’s Perspective on Take-Down Services

    Azure sign-in Microsoft

    Microsoft Announces Mandatory MFA for Azure Sign-ins to Bolster Cloud Defenses

    Signal Proxy, Signal, Signal Ban in Russia, Signal Ban in Venezuela, Bypass Signal Ban, How to Activate Signal Proxy, Signal Proxy Server

    How to Set Up Signal Proxy to Help Bypass Censorship in Russia and Venezuela

    Third-Party Risk Management in Healthcare

    Why Healthcare CISOs Must Prioritize Third-Party Risk Management

  • Features
    • Cyber Warfare
    • Espionage
    • Workforce
      • Learning & Development
  • Business
    • All
    • Appointments
    • Budgets
    • Mergers & Aquisitions
    • Partnerships
    • Press Release
    • Startups
    Shinhan Card data breach

    South Korea’s Shinhan Card Data Breach Affects 192,000 Merchants

    Cyble's Beenu-Recognized-by-ET-Edge-as-an-Impactful-CEO-2025_

    Beenu Arora, CEO & Co-Founder of Cyble, Recognized by ET Edge as an Impactful CEO 2025

    LastPass UK

    Password Manager LastPass Penalized £1.2m by ICO for Security Failures

    Coupang CEO Resigns

    Coupang CEO Resigns After Massive Data Breach Exposes Millions of Users

    Black Friday

    Black Friday Cybersecurity Survival Guide: Protect Yourself from Scams & Attacks

    Cyble and BOCRA Sign MoU

    Cyble and BOCRA Sign MoU to Strengthen Botswana’s National Cybersecurity Framework

    ARC Data Sale

    ARC Data Sale Scandal: Airlines’ Travel Records Used for Warrantless Surveillance

    NYT, ChatGPT, The New York Times, Voice Mode, OpenAI Voice Mode

    OpenAI Battles Court Order to Indefinitely Retain User Chat Data in NYT Copyright Dispute

    Telegram Bots, HTML phishing attack, Telegram bot credential theft, self-contained phishing malware, JavaScript credential harvesting, email security bypass techniques, RFQ phishing scams, invoice phishing attacks, Adobe login phishing, Microsoft credential theft, FedEx phishing campaign, DHL impersonation attack, Central Europe phishing 2025, Eastern Europe cyber threats, Cyble threat intelligence, CryptoJS AES obfuscation, anti-forensics phishing, F12 developer tools blocking, Telegram Bot API abuse, api.telegram.org malicious traffic, credential phishing 2025, HTML attachment malware, business email compromise, targeted phishing campaign, Czech Republic cyber threats, Slovakia phishing attacks, Hungary cybersecurity threats, Germany phishing campaign, Telekom Deutschland phishing, manufacturing sector attacks, automotive industry phishing, government agency phishing, energy utility cyber threats, telecommunications phishing, professional services attacks, garclogtools_bot, v8one_bot, dollsman_bot, dual-capture credential theft, fake login error messages, IP address harvesting, api.ipify.org abuse, ip-api.com malicious use, YARA phishing detection, phishing IOCs 2025, HTML file security risks, RFC-compliant filename spoofing, blurred document phishing, modal login phishing, brand impersonation attacks, CryptoJS malware obfuscation, right-click blocking malware, keyboard shortcut interception, multi-stage credential theft, decentralized phishing infrastructure, phishing toolkit generators, modular phishing templates, German language phishing, Spanish phishing variants

    Cyble Detects Phishing Campaign Using Telegram Bots to Siphon Corporate Credentials

    • Startups
    • Mergers & Aquisitions
    • Partnerships
    • Appointments
    • Budgets
    • Research
      • Whitepapers
      • Sponsored Content
      • Market Reports
    • Interviews
      • Podcast
  • Events
    • Conference
    • Webinar
    • Endorsed Events
  • Advisory Board
No Result
View All Result
  • MagazineDownload
  • Firewall Daily
    • All
    • Bug Bounty & Rewards
    • Dark Web News
    • Data Breach News
    • Hacker News
    • Ransomware News
    • Vulnerabilities
    La Poste, La Banque Postale

    La Poste and La Banque Postale Hit by Cyberattack, Online Services Disrupted

    China Cybersecurity law 2026

    China’s New Cybersecurity Law Is Here — And It Changes Everything for Businesses

    Shai-Hulud Supply Chain Attack Drained .5 Million from Trust Wallet Users

    Shai-Hulud Supply Chain Attack Drained $8.5 Million from Trust Wallet Users

    Digital Services Act, TikTok, Disinformation, Disinformation Campaign, Poland, EU Commission

    Poland Calls for EU Investigation of TikTok Over AI-Generated Disinformation Campaign

    CVE-2025-52691

    Singapore CSA Warns of Critical SmarterMail Flaw Enabling Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

    Two Security Experts Plead Guilty in BlackCat Ransomware Case

    Two Security Experts Plead Guilty in BlackCat Ransomware Case

    Latest Oracle EBS Victims Include Korean Air, University of Phoenix

    Latest Oracle EBS Victims Include Korean Air, University of Phoenix

    GDPR Fine

    CNIL Fines NEXPUBLICA FRANCE €1.7 Million for GDPR Security Failures

    Coupang Breach Suspect Tried to Hide Evidence by Throwing Laptop in River

    Coupang Breach Suspect Tried to Hide Evidence by Throwing Laptop in River

    Trending Tags

    • blackbyte ransomware
    • Ransomware
    • lapsus$ ransomware
    • Apple
    • Apple vulnerability
  • Essentials
    • All
    • Compliance
    • Governance
    • Policy Updates
    • Regulations
    MongoBleed, MongoDB, CVE-2025-14847

    Critical ‘MongoBleed’ Flaw Exploited in the Wild to Leak Database Secrets

    DPDP Act Is Reshaping the Cyber Insurance Landscape

    Beyond Compliance: How India’s DPDP Act Is Reshaping the Cyber Insurance Landscape

    FBI Seizes E-Note Crypto Exchange

    FBI Seizes E-Note Crypto Exchange Linked to Ransomware Money Laundering

    DPDP Act

    8 Ways the DPDP Act Will Change How Indian Companies Handle Data in 2026 

    FBI Warns

    FBI Cautions Alaskans Against Phone Scams Using Fake Arrest Threats

    City of Cambridge

    City of Cambridge Advises Password Reset After Nationwide CodeRED Data Breach

    Digital Arrest, CBI, Digital Arrest Fraud, Cyber Fraud

    CBI Files Charges Against 13 in Digital Arrest Fraud Case Linked to Myanmar Cyber Slave Compounds

    Government Contractor Fraud

    Federal Grand Jury Charges Former Manager with Government Contractor Fraud

    ban on social media

    Australia’s Social Media Ban for Kids: Protection, Overreach or the Start of a Global Shift?

    • Regulations
    • Compliance
    • Governance
    • Policy Updates
  • Knowledge Hub
    • All
    • How to
    • What is
    DPDP Rules, Cyble, DPDP Act, Cyble Vantage

    How Cyble’s Front-Row Vantage Can Help You in Complying to India’s DPDP Act

    Cybersecurity Countries

    The Top 8 Countries Leading the Cyber Defense Race in 2025

    link building

    The Link Building Secrets Your Competitors Don’t Want You to Know

    Supply Chain Attack

    Supply Chain Resilience and Physical Security: Lessons for 2025

    Healthcare cybersecurity trends of 2024

    Healthcare Cybersecurity: 2024 Was Tough, 2025 May Be Better

    CEO's Guide to Take-Down Services

    Shield Your Organization: CEO’s Perspective on Take-Down Services

    Azure sign-in Microsoft

    Microsoft Announces Mandatory MFA for Azure Sign-ins to Bolster Cloud Defenses

    Signal Proxy, Signal, Signal Ban in Russia, Signal Ban in Venezuela, Bypass Signal Ban, How to Activate Signal Proxy, Signal Proxy Server

    How to Set Up Signal Proxy to Help Bypass Censorship in Russia and Venezuela

    Third-Party Risk Management in Healthcare

    Why Healthcare CISOs Must Prioritize Third-Party Risk Management

  • Features
    • Cyber Warfare
    • Espionage
    • Workforce
      • Learning & Development
  • Business
    • All
    • Appointments
    • Budgets
    • Mergers & Aquisitions
    • Partnerships
    • Press Release
    • Startups
    Shinhan Card data breach

    South Korea’s Shinhan Card Data Breach Affects 192,000 Merchants

    Cyble's Beenu-Recognized-by-ET-Edge-as-an-Impactful-CEO-2025_

    Beenu Arora, CEO & Co-Founder of Cyble, Recognized by ET Edge as an Impactful CEO 2025

    LastPass UK

    Password Manager LastPass Penalized £1.2m by ICO for Security Failures

    Coupang CEO Resigns

    Coupang CEO Resigns After Massive Data Breach Exposes Millions of Users

    Black Friday

    Black Friday Cybersecurity Survival Guide: Protect Yourself from Scams & Attacks

    Cyble and BOCRA Sign MoU

    Cyble and BOCRA Sign MoU to Strengthen Botswana’s National Cybersecurity Framework

    ARC Data Sale

    ARC Data Sale Scandal: Airlines’ Travel Records Used for Warrantless Surveillance

    NYT, ChatGPT, The New York Times, Voice Mode, OpenAI Voice Mode

    OpenAI Battles Court Order to Indefinitely Retain User Chat Data in NYT Copyright Dispute

    Telegram Bots, HTML phishing attack, Telegram bot credential theft, self-contained phishing malware, JavaScript credential harvesting, email security bypass techniques, RFQ phishing scams, invoice phishing attacks, Adobe login phishing, Microsoft credential theft, FedEx phishing campaign, DHL impersonation attack, Central Europe phishing 2025, Eastern Europe cyber threats, Cyble threat intelligence, CryptoJS AES obfuscation, anti-forensics phishing, F12 developer tools blocking, Telegram Bot API abuse, api.telegram.org malicious traffic, credential phishing 2025, HTML attachment malware, business email compromise, targeted phishing campaign, Czech Republic cyber threats, Slovakia phishing attacks, Hungary cybersecurity threats, Germany phishing campaign, Telekom Deutschland phishing, manufacturing sector attacks, automotive industry phishing, government agency phishing, energy utility cyber threats, telecommunications phishing, professional services attacks, garclogtools_bot, v8one_bot, dollsman_bot, dual-capture credential theft, fake login error messages, IP address harvesting, api.ipify.org abuse, ip-api.com malicious use, YARA phishing detection, phishing IOCs 2025, HTML file security risks, RFC-compliant filename spoofing, blurred document phishing, modal login phishing, brand impersonation attacks, CryptoJS malware obfuscation, right-click blocking malware, keyboard shortcut interception, multi-stage credential theft, decentralized phishing infrastructure, phishing toolkit generators, modular phishing templates, German language phishing, Spanish phishing variants

    Cyble Detects Phishing Campaign Using Telegram Bots to Siphon Corporate Credentials

    • Startups
    • Mergers & Aquisitions
    • Partnerships
    • Appointments
    • Budgets
    • Research
      • Whitepapers
      • Sponsored Content
      • Market Reports
    • Interviews
      • Podcast
  • Events
    • Conference
    • Webinar
    • Endorsed Events
  • Advisory Board
No Result
View All Result
The Cyber Express
No Result
View All Result
Home Firewall Daily

Four Israeli Municipality Website Attacks Claimed by Anonymous Sudan

The Israeli municipality website attacks are the latest in the Anonymous Sudan campaigns aimed at the country.

Editorial by Editorial
May 19, 2023
in Firewall Daily, Hacker Claims
0
Israeli Municipality Website Attacks
626
SHARES
3.5k
VIEWS
Share on LinkedInShare on Twitter

Hacktivist group Anonymous Sudan has yet again targeted Israel. In a recent Telegram post, the group claimed to have attacked four Israeli municipality websites.

The latest targets of the alleged cyberattacks were the websites of Rishon LeZion Municipality, Petah Tikva Municipality, Beer Sheva Municipality, and Holon Municipality.

The Cyber Express contacted the named Israeli entities and is yet to receive confirmation. Neither of the websites was accessible at the time of writing.

Four Israeli municipality websites attacked

The following four Israeli municipality websites were attacked by Anonymous Sudan:

  1. rishonlezion.muni.il
  2. petah-tikva.muni.il
  3. beer-sheva.muni.il
  4. holon.muni.il

Cybersecurity researchers from FalconFeedsio tweeted about the incident along with the following screenshot:

Israeli Municipality Website Attack

Israeli municipality website attack: The latest in the list

The Israeli municipality website attacks are the latest in the Anonymous Sudan campaigns aimed at the country.

report-ad-banner

Israel experienced an unforeseen power outage last month, causing the country to scramble. Despite attempts by utility bodies and government officials to dismiss it as a network glitch, hacker group Anonymous Sudan asserted that it was a deliberate attack.

Via Telegram, Anonymous Sudan declared its exclusive focus on Israeli websites on Israeli Independence Day, which fell on April 26, due to their celebration of the occupation of Palestine.

The attacks persisted for more than a week. Anonymous Sudan employed a DDoS attack to disrupt the Mossad website on March 25, The Cyber Express reported.

Mossad, alongside Aman and Shin Bet, two of Israel’s prominent intelligence agencies, reportedly became targets.

Anonymous Sudan shared a screenshot of the inaccessible Mossad website following the cyber attack, including links to other sites like the National Insurance Institute of Israel.

The attacks escalated on Wednesday, April 26, when the Facebook page of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was hacked and filled with Quranic verses. However, it was quickly restored to normal.

While Anonymous Sudan claimed responsibility for the hack, it remains uncertain if the group was also accountable for the hacking of the premier’s official website, as reported by The Times of Israel.

Over the past few months, Anonymous Sudan has targeted several Israeli websites, including the National Insurance Institute website, Mossad spy agency’s website, and Israel Postal Company.

Additionally, the group briefly targeted government services, healthcare, and other operations in European countries.

Contrary to its name, as reported by The Cyber Express, Anonymous Sudan has no affiliation with the Sudan administration or the country’s cause. Instead, it may operate in possible collaboration with Russia’s Killnet hacking group.

Anonymous Sudan hacks

The hacker group allegedly leaked the data of 762 Israeli individuals from several different websites, according to a report. The following websites were hacked by the Anonymous Sudan group:

Banks

  1. Bank Hapoalim
  2. Bank Leumi
  3. Bank Hadoar
  4. Telebank

Recruitment websites

  1. Drushim IL
  2. AllJobs.co.il
  3. Govojobs

Besides the banks and recruitment portals, the group were named for claiming cyberattack on the Golan Telecom. The group has also allegedly managed to silence the sirens from alerting the Zionist settlers after detecting a rocket launch.

GhostSec attacks Israel’s critical infrastructure

https://www.hackread.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/israel-cyberattacks-hit-critical-infrastructure.jpg

(Photo: Hack Read)

A GhostSec post claimed responsibility of the attacks on Israel’s satellite.

“Regarding the recen events happening with the Israeli forces raiding the holy mosque in Palestine (Al Aqsa) we have come with a publish against Israel, We will not sit idly by…,” said the post.

A file name Petah Tikva was mentioned on the post which gained several reactions from other hackers and readers of the dark web.

Irrigation system of Israel were impacted by a cyberattack leading to malfunction in the water monitoring system. These systems cater to several areas including the Jordan Valley, and the Hula Valley.

The National Cyber Organization had alerted a week in advance about similar attacks targeting farmers in the region.

While some farmers managed to take their systems offline and switched to manual operations, others were left to suffer the cyberattacks allegedly launched by the GhostSec hacker group.

The incident that impacted nearly 10 farmers had their controllers display the following message after the cyberattacks, “You have been hacked, Down with Israel.”

Pro-Palestinian hactivists groups have risen in support of Palestine accusing Israel of oppressing them. Anonymous Sudan conducts DDoS attacks that jam the network with several requests per second that it fails to handle. Such attacks can disrupt services dependent on the systems, especially in healthcare.

Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Share this:

  • Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn
  • Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit
  • Click to share on X (Opens in new window) X
  • Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook
  • More
  • Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email
  • Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp

Related

Tags: anonymous sudanIsraeli Municipality cyberattackPetah Tikva municipalityRishon Lezion cyberattackThe Cyber ExpressThe Cyber Express News
Previous Post

Ransomware Attack on Orion: BlackCat Claims to Target Food Giant

Next Post

Bottling Partner of Coca-Cola Under Cyber Attack by BlackBasta Ransomware Group

Next Post
Coca-Cola Under Cyber Attack

Bottling Partner of Coca-Cola Under Cyber Attack by BlackBasta Ransomware Group

Threat Landscape Reports 2025

❮ ❯
Cyble-Vision


Follow Us On Google News

Latest Cyber News

La Poste, La Banque Postale
Firewall Daily

La Poste and La Banque Postale Hit by Cyberattack, Online Services Disrupted

January 2, 2026
China Cybersecurity law 2026
Firewall Daily

China’s New Cybersecurity Law Is Here — And It Changes Everything for Businesses

January 2, 2026
Shai-Hulud Supply Chain Attack Drained .5 Million from Trust Wallet Users
Cyber News

Shai-Hulud Supply Chain Attack Drained $8.5 Million from Trust Wallet Users

December 31, 2025
Digital Services Act, TikTok, Disinformation, Disinformation Campaign, Poland, EU Commission
Cyber News

Poland Calls for EU Investigation of TikTok Over AI-Generated Disinformation Campaign

December 31, 2025

Categories

Web Stories

Do This on Telegram, Your Bank Account Will Become Zero
Do This on Telegram, Your Bank Account Will Become Zero
If You Install the iOS 18 Beta, Your iPhone Could Be Hacked
If You Install the iOS 18 Beta, Your iPhone Could Be Hacked
Cricket World Cup Ticketing Systems Under Cybersecurity
Cricket World Cup Ticketing Systems Under Cybersecurity
Cyber Threats and Online Ticket Scams During the NBA Finals
Cyber Threats and Online Ticket Scams During the NBA Finals
Biometric Data Security: Protecting Sensitive Information
Biometric Data Security: Protecting Sensitive Information

About

The Cyber Express

#1 Trending Cybersecurity News and Magazine

The Cyber Express is a handbook for all stakeholders of the internet that provides information security professionals with the latest news, updates and knowledge they need to combat cyber threats.

 

Contact

For editorial queries: [email protected]

For marketing and Sales: [email protected]

 

Quick Links

  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Editorial Calendar
  • Careers
  • The Cyber Express by Cyble Vulnerability Disclosure Policy
  • Cyble Trust Portal

Our Address

We’re remote friendly, with office locations around the world:

San Francisco, Atlanta, Rome,
Dubai, Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad,  Singapore, Jakarta, Sydney, and Melbourne

 

Headquarters:

The Cyber Express LLC
10080 North Wolfe Road, Suite SW3-200, Cupertino, CA, US 95014

 

India Office:

Cyber Express Media Network
HD-021, 4th Floor, C Wing, Building No.4. Nesco IT Park, WE Highway, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India – 4000063

  • Privacy Statement
  • Terms of Use
  • Write For Us

© 2026 The Cyber Express - Cybersecurity News and Magazine.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In

Add New Playlist

No Result
View All Result
  • Magazine
  • Firewall Daily
  • Essentials
    • Regulations
    • Compliance
    • Governance
    • Policy Updates
  • Knowledge Hub
  • Features
    • Cyber Warfare
    • Espionage
    • Workforce
      • Learning & Development
  • Business
    • Startups
    • Mergers & Aquisitions
    • Partnerships
    • Appointments
    • Budgets
    • Research
      • Whitepapers
      • Sponsored Content
      • Market Reports
    • Interviews
      • Podcast
  • Events
    • Conference
    • Webinar
    • Endorsed Events
  • Advisory Board

© 2026 The Cyber Express - Cybersecurity News and Magazine.

Are you sure want to unlock this post?
Unlock left : 0
Are you sure want to cancel subscription?
-
00:00
00:00

Queue

Update Required Flash plugin
-
00:00
00:00
Do This on Telegram, Your Bank Account Will Become Zero If You Install the iOS 18 Beta, Your iPhone Could Be Hacked Cricket World Cup Ticketing Systems Under Cybersecurity Cyber Threats and Online Ticket Scams During the NBA Finals Biometric Data Security: Protecting Sensitive Information